The speed of light has an old formula about the
inverse square root of permittivity times permeability.
Here is that epsilon*mu formula:
c^2 = 1 / (epsilon*mu)
RETRACT THE FOLLOWING STRIKE_OUTS
inverse square root of permittivity times permeability.
Here is that epsilon*mu formula:
c^2 = 1 / (epsilon*mu)
RETRACT THE FOLLOWING STRIKE_OUTS
October 31, 2023 Alan Folmsbee, Bristol, Connecticut
omnilobe@gmail.com is for email
Speed of light formula, rev January 20, 2017
The latest wisdom is that c is related to the
proton radius r and two time constants from
the eight dimensional continuum, tau and tau_e.
c = (r sqrt(tau)) / (tau_e * 5.94 * sqrt(1 second))
The constant 5.94 has a proposed named:
the square root of total blue shift.
r = 0.950000 * 10^-15 meters
tau = 5.131534 * 10^-9 seconds
tau_e = 3.810615 * 10^-29 seconds = G tau / k
G = Newton Universal Gravitational Constant
k = Coulomb Constant
tau is calculated by dropping a rock for
1 second and measuring z, height fallen.
tau = NV* 1 second / (zA)
N = number of baryons in Earth
V = proton volume
z = 4.9033 meters on Earth
A = area of Earth at radius R
R = 6,378,000 meters
The speed of light is explained. r is the proton radius and that sets
the scale for the speed of light. Here is the formula:
c = r sqrt(5ns) / (tau_e * 5.94 sqrt(1 second))
Three dimensions are actively flowing for light emission:
r is entering the proton for gravity as a length dimension called z
r is also used to scale Ex, one dimension departing a proton to repel protons
tau is departing the proton for expansion due to time growth
tau_e is entering the proton for magnetism as dimension Ht
Together, those dimensions set the speed of light.
r = 0.950000 * 10^-15 meter
tau = 5.131534 * 10^-9 second
tau_e = 3.810615 * 10^-29 second
Multiply them together to get
c = r sqrt(5ns) / (tau_e * 5.94 sqrt(1 second))
c = 3.007 *10^8 meter/second
8D Summary
1 t Photon uses t in tau
2 x
3 y
4 z
5 Ht Photon uses Ht in tau_e
6 Ex Photon uses Ex in r for formula for c
7 Ey
8 Ez
8D Directions
1 t grows out from proton
2 x drains into proton
3 y drains into proton
4 z drains into proton
5 Ht drains into proton
6 Ex grows out from proton
7 Ey grows out from proton
8 Ez grows out from proton
Conclusion: The speed of light is determined by the proton radius and two time
constants. The eight dimensions of the continua are flowing as a fluid in
and out of protons. Electrons are paired to protons so they are involved
in changing an atomic orbital wave function into a photon with two
dimensions: Ex / Ht
The mathematical expression that models c shows that the
speed of light is from permeability and permittivity
definitions in the neo-Maxwell essay. That is linked, at
right.
$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
Time Dilation in Molecular Chemistry
When chemicals are accelerated continuously by means
of electromagnetic forces, time dilation makes
the reactions occur more slowly. For example, a
cyclotron or a cosmic ray decelerating in an atmosphere.
A new theory explains why a "twin's youth phenomenon" seems to make one twin stay younger and one twin nanoparticle age at
the rate we also experience.
Three reasons work to make Time Dilation in Molecular
Chemistry
1 Protons cause gravity. Electrons do not cause gravity.
2 Each proton is paired with an electron
3 Molecular orbitals and wave functions are activated
by the proton's internal "momentum of free space" due
to gravity plus acceleration.
Discussion
Time Dilation occurs in Molecular Chemistry because
acceleration of a proton has different repercussions
than acceleration of an electron. Electrons do not
cause gravity, so they do not interact as a proton does
when its gravity interacts with the acceleration.
The proton's interaction during acceleration causes
a distortion in the orbitals in a molecule. That different
orbital size makes chemical reactions slow down.
1 Protons cause gravity. Electrons do not cause gravity.
Mass is area of continuum. Electron mass can react to
gravity or acceleration, but mass cannot cause gravity.
Proton volume causes gravity. That flow of continuum
internally powers EM in a proton and four dimensions
emerge as a mirror image of the usual four. An 8D
model is being proposed. See links.
2 Charge neutrality can be shown to be a pairing of
one proton with one electron, and a geometric reason can be provided to select which proton is paired with a free
electron or one in an orbital.
3 Molecular orbitals and wavefunctions are activated
by the proton's internal "momentum of free space" due to gravity. The 4D gravity continuum is flowing in each proton.
Four more dimensions make up molecular orbitals. They are
named next:
Dimensions in proton, direction
1 t out
2 x in
3 y in
4 z in
5 Ht in
6 Ex out
7 Ey out
8 Ez out
During acceleration, the time is diminished
and a length increases. That has traction into
dimensions 5678 so orbitals get distorted, causing time
dilation of reactions. Slowed aging occurs for a
nano particle during high accelerations that a
human twin could not endure.
Speed of light formula, rev January 20, 2017
The latest wisdom is that c is related to the
proton radius r and two time constants from
the eight dimensional continuum, tau and tau_e.
c = (r sqrt(tau)) / (tau_e * 5.94 * sqrt(1 second))
The constant 5.94 has a proposed named:
the square root of total blue shift.
r = 0.950000 * 10^-15 meters
tau = 5.131534 * 10^-9 seconds
tau_e = 3.810615 * 10^-29 seconds = G tau / k
G = Newton Universal Gravitational Constant
k = Coulomb Constant
tau is calculated by dropping a rock for
1 second and measuring z, height fallen.
tau = NV* 1 second / (zA)
N = number of baryons in Earth
V = proton volume
z = 4.9033 meters on Earth
A = area of Earth at radius R
R = 6,378,000 meters
The speed of light is explained. r is the proton radius and that sets
the scale for the speed of light. Here is the formula:
c = r sqrt(5ns) / (tau_e * 5.94 sqrt(1 second))
Three dimensions are actively flowing for light emission:
r is entering the proton for gravity as a length dimension called z
r is also used to scale Ex, one dimension departing a proton to repel protons
tau is departing the proton for expansion due to time growth
tau_e is entering the proton for magnetism as dimension Ht
Together, those dimensions set the speed of light.
r = 0.950000 * 10^-15 meter
tau = 5.131534 * 10^-9 second
tau_e = 3.810615 * 10^-29 second
Multiply them together to get
c = r sqrt(5ns) / (tau_e * 5.94 sqrt(1 second))
c = 3.007 *10^8 meter/second
8D Summary
1 t Photon uses t in tau
2 x
3 y
4 z
5 Ht Photon uses Ht in tau_e
6 Ex Photon uses Ex in r for formula for c
7 Ey
8 Ez
8D Directions
1 t grows out from proton
2 x drains into proton
3 y drains into proton
4 z drains into proton
5 Ht drains into proton
6 Ex grows out from proton
7 Ey grows out from proton
8 Ez grows out from proton
Conclusion: The speed of light is determined by the proton radius and two time
constants. The eight dimensions of the continua are flowing as a fluid in
and out of protons. Electrons are paired to protons so they are involved
in changing an atomic orbital wave function into a photon with two
dimensions: Ex / Ht
The mathematical expression that models c shows that the
speed of light is from permeability and permittivity
definitions in the neo-Maxwell essay. That is linked, at
right.
$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
Time Dilation in Molecular Chemistry
When chemicals are accelerated continuously by means
of electromagnetic forces, time dilation makes
the reactions occur more slowly. For example, a
cyclotron or a cosmic ray decelerating in an atmosphere.
A new theory explains why a "twin's youth phenomenon" seems to make one twin stay younger and one twin nanoparticle age at
the rate we also experience.
Three reasons work to make Time Dilation in Molecular
Chemistry
1 Protons cause gravity. Electrons do not cause gravity.
2 Each proton is paired with an electron
3 Molecular orbitals and wave functions are activated
by the proton's internal "momentum of free space" due
to gravity plus acceleration.
Discussion
Time Dilation occurs in Molecular Chemistry because
acceleration of a proton has different repercussions
than acceleration of an electron. Electrons do not
cause gravity, so they do not interact as a proton does
when its gravity interacts with the acceleration.
The proton's interaction during acceleration causes
a distortion in the orbitals in a molecule. That different
orbital size makes chemical reactions slow down.
1 Protons cause gravity. Electrons do not cause gravity.
Mass is area of continuum. Electron mass can react to
gravity or acceleration, but mass cannot cause gravity.
Proton volume causes gravity. That flow of continuum
internally powers EM in a proton and four dimensions
emerge as a mirror image of the usual four. An 8D
model is being proposed. See links.
2 Charge neutrality can be shown to be a pairing of
one proton with one electron, and a geometric reason can be provided to select which proton is paired with a free
electron or one in an orbital.
3 Molecular orbitals and wavefunctions are activated
by the proton's internal "momentum of free space" due to gravity. The 4D gravity continuum is flowing in each proton.
Four more dimensions make up molecular orbitals. They are
named next:
Dimensions in proton, direction
1 t out
2 x in
3 y in
4 z in
5 Ht in
6 Ex out
7 Ey out
8 Ez out
During acceleration, the time is diminished
and a length increases. That has traction into
dimensions 5678 so orbitals get distorted, causing time
dilation of reactions. Slowed aging occurs for a
nano particle during high accelerations that a
human twin could not endure.
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